MicroRNA-590 (miR-590)

MicroRNA-590 (miR-590) is a small, non-coding RNA molecule in the microRNA family, encoded by the human genome and functioning as a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression[2]. It acts by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs, leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. miR-590 has been demonstrated to influence critical biological processes such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)—where it can act as an EMT suppressor through direct targeting of transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFβR2)—as well as cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis[1][2][3][4][5]. Its disease relevance is context-dependent: miR-590 can function as a tumor suppressor (e.g., in kidney and colorectal cancer) or as an oncogene (e.g., in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma), depending on the target genes and tissue context. It is being investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for fibrosis, cancer, and other pathologies; however, clinical translation faces significant challenges due to the complex and context-dependent nature of microRNA target regulation and potential off-target effects[1][2][3][5].

Other names

hsa-mir-590MIRN590hsa-miR-590mir-590MIR590miR-590-5pmicroRNA-590-5p

Inhibits target gene mRNA (e.g., TGFβR2, RB1, NF90) by binding the 3' UTR, suppressing translation or promoting degradation[1][2][3][5] Modulates signaling pathways (e.g., TGFβ, VEGFA/NF90 axis)[1][2][5]