MicroRNA 668 (miR-668)

MicroRNA 668 (miR-668) is a small, non-coding RNA molecule (microRNA) involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human cells[3]. miR-668 is transcribed as part of a primary transcript and processed through Drosha and Dicer enzymes to become a mature, functional microRNA[3]. It functions as a key regulator of cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammatory response[1][2]. In ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), miR-668 is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), where it acts protectively by repressing mitochondrial protein MTP18, maintaining mitochondrial integrity, and reducing apoptosis in renal cells[1][4]. In cancer, miR-668 demonstrates context-dependent duality: it can act as an oncogene in certain tissues (by suppressing tumor suppressor genes, activating pro-survival signaling, and promoting therapy resistance in breast and liver cancer), but also as a tumor suppressor in others[2]. Clinically, miR-668 is under investigation as both a biomarker and therapeutic target, with tissue-specific effects and the potential for pharmacological modulation by molecules such as melatonin and pterostilbene[2]. Caution is warranted due to its opposing effects in different biological settings.

Other names

hsa-mir-668MIR668MIRN668hsa-miR-668

Modulators affect miR-668 levels or activity, leading to changes in downstream gene regulation (e.g., repression of MTP18, modulation of NF-κB signaling, influencing apoptosis and proliferation)[1][2]