MicroRNA recognition element (MRE)

MicroRNA recognition elements (MREs) are specific nucleotide sequences, primarily located within the 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), that serve as the binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) (Bartel, 2009). These elements are central to post-transcriptional gene regulation, where the binding of a miRNA-loaded RNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) typically results in translational repression or mRNA degradation (Jonas & Izaurralde, 2015). A single mRNA transcript often contains multiple MREs, allowing for complex, combinatorial regulation by multiple miRNAs, a phenomenon often exploited by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that act as 'sponges' to sequester miRNAs (Helwak et al., 2013). In various diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, the interaction between miRNAs and MREs is frequently dysregulated, leading to the aberrant expression of oncogenes or the stabilization of viral genomes (Gebert & MacRae, 2019). Therapeutic intervention targeting these elements involves the use of antisense oligonucleotides known as 'target site blockers' (TSBs), which physically occupy the MRE to prevent miRNA binding and restore target gene expression (Stenvang et al., 2012). This approach provides a high level of specificity, enabling the modulation of a single miRNA-mRNA interaction without affecting the broader regulatory network of the miRNA.

Other names

miRNA binding sitemiRNA response element3'-UTR seed match sitemiRNA target siteMicroRNA response element

Steric inhibition of microRNA binding to the 3'-UTR of target mRNA transcripts, preventing the microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) from initiating mRNA degradation or translational repression.