Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3 (or LC3))

Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, commonly called LC3) is a ubiquitin-like protein essential for the autophagy pathway in eukaryotic cells[2][5]. LC3 functions in autophagosome biogenesis, selectively recognizing and capturing cargo for degradation, and is the most widely used molecular marker for monitoring autophagy. LC3 undergoes posttranslational modifications—such as cleavage and lipidation—that enable it to associate with autophagosomal membranes and serve as a molecular scaffold for autophagy receptors. It exists in several isoforms (LC3A, LC3B, LC3C, etc.), and MAP1LC3B (LC3B) is most studied for its role in both basal and stress-induced autophagy. Beyond cytoplasmic functions, LC3 is found in the nucleus, where it may contribute to nuclear component turnover, and its nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is regulated by stress and starvation conditions[1][2][5]. LC3 and its family members play central roles in cellular homeostasis, stress responses, and selective catabolic processes, making them important targets or biomarkers in cancer, neurodegeneration, and other disease contexts.

Other names

LC3LC3BMAP1LC3BMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B

Inhibition of autophagic flux (via blockade of autophagosome-lysosome fusion); Modulation of LC3 lipidation and conversion between LC3-I and LC3-II