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Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complex II (Complex II)
- Target
- Complex II
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Mitochondrial protein, Electron Transport Chain Complex
01
Overview
Mitochondrial electron transport chain Complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), is a crucial enzyme complex that serves as a direct link between the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the TCA cycle and transfers electrons from FADH₂ to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the ETC. Complex II consists of four subunits: SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD. Unlike other respiratory complexes, Complex II does not pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Decline in Complex II activity is associated with aging-related decrease in ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research highlights additional roles for Complex II beyond respiration including metabolic control, inflammation modulation, and cell fate determination.
- Other names
- Succinate dehydrogenaseSDHRespiratory complex II
02
Biological functions
Electron transportOxidative phosphorylationTCA cycleSuccinate oxidationUbiquinone reductionMetabolic regulationInflammation modulationCell fate determination
03
Disease associations
Neurodegenerative diseaseCancerCardiovascular diseaseLeigh syndromeLeukodystrophyEncephalomyopathyMetabolic disordersAging
04
Safety considerations
Inhibition can lead to accumulation of succinateDysfunction can increase ROS productionPotential for off-target effects on other metabolic pathways
05
Biomarkers
Succinate levelsSDHA expressionSDHB expressionSDHC expressionSDHD expression
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