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Mitochondrial electron transport complex II (Complex II), also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), is a key enzyme complex that links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and transfers electrons from succinate to ubiquinone, reducing it to ubiquinol. Unlike complexes I, III, and IV, complex II does not pump protons but provides reduced ubiquinol for downstream complexes. It is a heterotetramer composed of SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD subunits. Mutations in complex II subunits are associated with mitochondrial diseases and certain cancers. Complex II also influences inflammation, hypoxia response, cell fate decisions, and metabolic control.
Inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity, disrupting electron transport and ATP production.
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