Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH)

Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) is the critical mitochondrial pool of the antioxidant tripeptide glutathione, acting as the primary line of defense against mitochondrial oxidative stress and maintaining the mitochondrial redox environment[1][2][4][6]. mGSH supports detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases and glutathione-S-transferases, regulates protein redox states, and is key in mitochondrial energy production, cell death regulation, and iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis[1][2][6]. Impaired mGSH levels or altered redox status are implicated in multiple diseases, including metabolic, hepatic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders, making the measurement of mitochondrial glutathione status a useful biomarker in research and potential therapeutic interventions[4][5][6].

Other names

mGSH (for “mitochondrial glutathione”)mitochondrial GSHmitochondrial glutathione pool

Antioxidant supplementation increases reduced GSH pool (e.g., glutathione, N-acetylcysteine); Prevention of ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction; Ferroptosis inhibition (by maintaining GSH levels)