Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (MIRO1)

Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (MIRO1) is an atypical Rho GTPase anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane and encoded by the RHOT1 gene. It contains two GTPase domains (N-terminal and C-terminal), EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, and a transmembrane region. MIRO1 plays a crucial role in mitochondrial trafficking along microtubules, mitochondrial dynamics, and cellular calcium homeostasis. It is essential for neuronal function, particularly in facilitating mitochondrial movement to energy-demanding locations and regulating mitophagy through interactions with proteins such as PINK1 and Parkin. MIRO1 dysfunction and mutations are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (notably Parkinson’s disease), as well as various cancers, due to its involvement in mitochondrial quality control, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism[1][2][3][5].

Other names

Ras homolog family member T1 (RHOT1)ARHT1hMiro-1Miro-1FLJ11040MIRO1Rac-GTP-binding protein-like proteinMIRO-1rac-GTP binding protein-like protein

Targeting of MIRO1 for proteasomal degradation (ubiquitination by Parkin after phosphorylation by PINK1)[1][5]; Modulation of mitochondrial arrest to facilitate mitophagy[1][5]