Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43 (MRPL43)

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43 is a nuclear-encoded protein that becomes a structural component of the large (39S) subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), which is essential for mitochondrial translation and, ultimately, for synthesis of proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation and energy production[1][3]. MRPL43, like other mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial function, and its expression can be altered in certain cancers, where it may promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival[2][3]. Variants in MRPL43 or its regulatory elements can affect its expression and may influence cancer progression, particularly in colorectal and breast cancers[2][3]. MRPL43's role in primary mitochondrial translation and metabolism additionally links it to rare metabolic and hereditary diseases such as Perrault syndrome and Urocanase deficiency[1]. Owing to its central role in mitochondrial biology, MRPL43 and related mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are being investigated as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers, though safety concerns arise due to their fundamental importance to cell viability[3].

Other names

MRPL4339S ribosomal protein L43, mitochondrialC10orf3

Inhibiting or knocking down MRPL43 reduces cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis[3]