Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5)

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5) is a nuclear-encoded structural protein that is part of the small (28S) subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). MRPS5 belongs to the ribosomal protein S5P family and is essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis, particularly for translating mRNA encoded by mitochondrial DNA, which includes the proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. MRPS5 is crucial for maintaining the accuracy of mitochondrial translation, and mutations affecting its function can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, altered stress adaptation, and increased susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss and stress-related behaviors. Low expression of MRPS5 has been observed in several malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis and higher tumor grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, making it a potential prognostic biomarker. MRPS5 is not a classical therapeutic target (receptor, enzyme, transporter), but its essential role in mitochondrial biology makes its dysregulation relevant in disease contexts.

Other names

MRP-S5S5MTMRPS5