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Mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) is a nuclear-encoded enzyme responsible for transcribing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into RNA. This process is essential for the expression of mitochondrial genes and the production of RNA primers required for mtDNA replication. POLRMT is a single-subunit, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that shares significant sequence and structural homology with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. It requires TFAM and TFB2M for initiation, and TEFM for elongation. POLRMT is a potential therapeutic target especially relevant to cancer cells reliant on high oxidative phosphorylation rates. Inhibiting this enzyme could selectively impact rapidly dividing cells. Additionally, some antiviral ribonucleoside analogs have off-target inhibitory effects on POLRMT activity.
Inhibition of mitochondrial RNA synthesis
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