Mitochondrially encoded 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2)

Mitochondrially encoded 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) is a mitochondrial gene encoding the large subunit rRNA component of the mitochondrial ribosome, essential for mitochondrial protein translation[1][4][5]. In addition to its fundamental role in mitochondria, MT-RNR2 encodes the peptide Humanin, a small cytoprotective and neuroprotective peptide that interacts with cell-surface and intracellular proteins to inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival[2][3][8]. Humanin and its analogs are being studied as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular disorders[2][3]. MT-RNR2/Humanin modulates mitochondrial and cellular defense responses, acting through specific receptor complexes (including gp130, WSX1, CNTFR, and formyl peptide receptors FPR2/FPR3), and through intracellular interactions with apoptosis-regulating proteins such as BAX, BID, and IGFBP3[2][3][8]. Dysregulation or modulation of this molecule may be relevant in various human diseases with mitochondrial or cytoprotective deficits[3][7].

Other names

HumaninHNHNM16SFormyl-humaninHumanin mitochondrial16S ribosomal RNAl-rRNARNR2

Ligand activity for a tripartite receptor (gp130, WSX1/IL27RA, CNTFR)[2][3]; Binding to G protein-coupled receptors FPR2/FPRL1 and FPR3/FPRL2[2][3]; Intracellular inhibition of apoptosis by binding BAX, BID, and blocking their activation/translocation[2][3]; Competitive interaction with IGFBP3, inhibiting IGFBP3-induced cell death[2][3]; Modulation of signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation