Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK (ERK MAPK) (p38 MAPK, ERK MAPK)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are critical enzymes responsible for converting extracellular signals into diverse cellular responses. The p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK pathways are fundamental branches: p38 MAPK is primarily activated by stress signals and inflammatory cytokines, whereas ERK is predominantly activated by growth factors and mitogens. Both regulate essential biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and cell survival. Dysregulation of these kinases is implicated in cancer, inflammatory conditions, and other diseases. Their high conservation across species underscores their fundamental role, and selective inhibitors are used—and being developed—for targeted therapy in multiple disease contexts[1][2][5][6][9]. If you require structured or individual entries, they should be separated as "Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38" and "Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK" for clarity and scientific accuracy.

Other names

p38SAPK2CSBPmHOG1RKERKERK1/2MAPK3/MAPK1

Inhibition of kinase phosphorylation/function (as with p38 MAPK or MEK inhibitors, which block downstream signaling, reducing inflammation, proliferation, or survival signals) Modulation of transcription factor activity via phosphorylation