Molecular targets in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways

This is a descriptive category encompassing multiple molecular targets implicated in the cellular processes of oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathways contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of many non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and others[1][3][4][5][6]. Molecules within these pathways include antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, MAPKs, iNOS), mitochondrial proteins, complement regulators, and several membrane receptors (including RAGE). Drugs targeting these molecules act by reducing oxidative damage, modulating immune signaling, or promoting cell survival, but translation to effective clinical therapies faces challenges such as lack of selectivity and risk of disrupting normal physiological processes[5]. This entry should be replaced in structured records with individual, canonical targets such as "NADPH oxidase", "NF-κB", "Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)", "Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)", "Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)", etc.[1][2][3][4][6]

Scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS); Inhibiting oxidative enzymes (NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase); Modulating signal transduction pathways (NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf2); Blocking inflammatory cytokine production; Regulating complement activation (e.g., RAGE signaling)