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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog protein (Smad)
- Target
- Smad
- Molecular classification
- Transcription factor, Intracellular signal transducer
01
Overview
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog proteins (Smad) are intracellular signal transducers and transcriptional modulators. They play a central role in the signaling pathways of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Upon ligand binding to TGF-β or BMP receptors, R-Smads are phosphorylated and form complexes with co-Smad4, translocating into the nucleus to regulate gene expression. They control cell fate decisions during development/homeostasis and are implicated in cancer/fibrosis when dysregulated.
- Other names
- MAD homologSmad proteinsR-SmadsCo-SmadI-Smads
02
Mechanism of action
TGF-β/BMP pathway modulation through receptor phosphorylation, complex formation with Smad4, nuclear translocation, and target gene regulation.
03
Biological functions
Signal transductionCell proliferationApoptosisDifferentiationMorphogenesisGene expression regulation
04
Disease associations
CancerFibrosisDevelopmental disorders
05
Safety considerations
Dysregulation implicated in cancer and fibrosis
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