MT-ND4 pseudogene 21 (MTND4P21)

MT-ND4 pseudogene 21 (MTND4P21), also known as "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4 pseudogene 21," is a nuclear pseudogene corresponding to the mitochondrial ND4 gene, which encodes a subunit of Complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, MTND4P21 itself does not produce a functional protein and is not considered an active gene product. MT-ND4 pseudogene 21 (MTND4P21) is a nuclear pseudogene found on chromosome 2, corresponding to the mitochondrial ND4 gene, which encodes a core subunit of Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the electron transport chain. Unlike the functional mitochondrial ND4 gene, MTND4P21 does not encode a functional protein, nor is it involved in mitochondrial respiratory activity or electron transfer. Pseudogenes such as MTND4P21 arise from the integration of mitochondrial DNA fragments into the nuclear genome. These pseudogenes may be transcribed but are usually nonfunctional and do not play an active role in human physiology or pathology. Reports sometimes confuse these pseudogenes with their parent mitochondrial genes, but MTND4P21 has no direct therapeutic, diagnostic, or pharmacological relevance. Key point: MTND4P21 is a pseudogene and not a protein-coding gene or pharmacological target; it should not be confused with the mitochondrial ND4 gene, which is functionally and clinically relevant.

Other names

MTND4P21mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4 pseudogene 21

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