Multiple cellular macromolecules across microorganisms

Multiple cellular macromolecules across microorganisms refers to the collective set of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that serve as targets for non-specific antimicrobial agents like antiseptics and disinfectants (McDonnell & Russell, 1999). Unlike targeted antibiotics that inhibit specific enzymes, these agents exert their effects through broad chemical actions such as oxidation, protein denaturation, and membrane disruption (StatPearls, 2023). For instance, iodine-based compounds oxidize thiol groups in proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, while alcohols cause rapid denaturation of proteins and dissolution of lipid membranes (NCBI, 2022). This multi-hit mechanism allows for a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and significantly reduces the likelihood of developing resistance (Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1999). However, because these mechanisms are not specific to microbial cells, these agents can also damage host tissues, limiting their use primarily to topical applications or sterilization (DrugBank, 2024).

Other names

Microbial macromoleculesMulti-target microbial componentsMicrobial proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Non-specific chemical modification including oxidation, protein denaturation, membrane disruption, and alkylation of various cellular components (McDonnell & Russell, 1999).