Multiple circulating solutes and biomolecules

Multiple circulating solutes and biomolecules is a broad, collective term referring to a heterogeneous group of substances found within the blood plasma, including metabolic waste products, electrolytes, signaling proteins, and toxins (Duranton et al., 2012). This entry does not describe a single molecular target but rather a physiological category of entities that are often the focus of clearance strategies in conditions such as end-stage renal disease or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Ronco et al., 2017). In clinical practice, these substances—ranging from small water-soluble compounds like urea to larger protein-bound uremic toxins and pro-inflammatory cytokines—are typically managed through extracorporeal therapies like hemodialysis or hemoperfusion (Vanholder et al., 2018). These therapies aim to restore homeostasis by removing excess or harmful solutes that accumulate when natural excretory organs fail (Ankawi et al., 2018). Specific biomolecules within this group, such as Interleukin-6 or phosphate, may be targeted by specialized adsorbents or pharmacological binders to mitigate their pathological effects (Monard et al., 2019). Because the term encompasses a wide array of chemically diverse entities rather than a specific protein or gene, it is considered a descriptive category rather than a discrete therapeutic target for drug discovery.

Other names

Circulating solutesUremic toxinsPlasma biomoleculesBlood-borne solutesCirculating mediators

Removal from the systemic circulation via extracorporeal clearance (dialysis, filtration, or adsorption) or through chemical sequestration/binding within the gastrointestinal tract to prevent absorption or promote excretion.