Multiple cytokine and neurotrophic signaling pathways

Multiple cytokine and neurotrophic signaling pathways represent a broad regulatory network that integrates immune system signals with neuronal growth and survival factors. Cytokines, such as interleukins and interferons, typically mediate inflammatory responses, while neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) support the development and maintenance of the nervous system (Duman & Monteggia, 2006, PubMed: 16531991). These pathways are deeply interconnected; for instance, chronic neuroinflammation driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines can suppress neurotrophic support, leading to neurodegeneration or psychiatric disorders like major depression (Miller et al., 2009, PubMed: 19426289). Drugs targeting these pathways, such as Cerebrolysin or certain pleiotropic antidepressants, often aim to exert neuroprotective effects by either inhibiting inflammatory signaling or enhancing neurotrophic signaling (Plosker & Gauthier, 2012, PubMed: 22512327). Because this 'target' encompasses a wide array of receptors and intracellular messengers rather than a single molecular entity, it is considered a descriptive category of biological processes rather than a specific therapeutic target. Therapeutic intervention in these pathways requires careful calibration to restore homeostatic balance in the central nervous system without causing broad systemic side effects.

Other names

Neuro-immune signaling axisCytokine-neurotrophin crosstalkNeurotrophic and inflammatory signaling networks

Modulation of diverse intracellular signaling cascades, such as the JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK/ERK pathways, to balance pro-inflammatory signals and enhance neurotrophic support.