Multiple endogenous enzymes and selenoproteins

The term Multiple endogenous enzymes and selenoproteins refers to a broad group of proteins, primarily those incorporating the amino acid selenocysteine, which are essential for maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting against oxidative stress [1][2]. Key members of this group include the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family, which neutralizes hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides, and the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) family, which is vital for DNA synthesis and protein repair [2][3]. These enzymes play a critical role in mitigating damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating inflammatory signaling pathways [3]. Dysregulation of these selenoproteins is implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and noise-induced hearing loss [2][4]. Pharmacological agents like Ebselen target this group by acting as catalytic mimics of GPx or by inhibiting TrxR and other pro-inflammatory enzymes like lipoxygenases through thiol-disulfide exchange [1][3]. While therapeutically promising for conditions like Meniere's disease and bipolar disorder, targeting this broad group requires careful management to avoid disrupting essential redox-sensitive physiological processes [4]. Sources: [1] Sies H. Ebselen, a seleno-organic compound as glutathione peroxidase mimic. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993;14(3):313-323. [2] Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(3):739-777. [3] Azad GK, Tomar RS. Ebselen, a promising antioxidant drug: mechanisms of action and targets. Mol Biol Rep. 2014;41(8):4865-4879. [4] Kil J, et al. Safety and efficacy of ebselen for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. Lancet. 2017;390(10098):960-968.

Other names

Selenoprotein groupAntioxidant enzymesRedox-active enzymesSelenium-dependent enzymes

Mimicry of glutathione peroxidase activity, inhibition of thioredoxin reductase, and covalent modification of reactive thiol groups in enzymes such as lipoxygenases and NADPH oxidase.