Multiple host and viral targets

Multiple host and viral targets is a collective designation rather than a single, discrete molecular entity. This term is often used to describe broad-spectrum antiviral strategies or multi-drug regimens that simultaneously address various components of the viral life cycle and the host's cellular machinery (Kaufmann et al., 2018). For instance, a therapeutic approach might target a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase while also inhibiting a host cell surface protease required for viral entry (Götte & Feld, 2016). By acting on multiple nodes within the host-pathogen interactome, these strategies aim to increase the genetic barrier to viral resistance and enhance overall clinical efficacy. However, because this entry aggregates numerous unrelated proteins, enzymes, and receptors, it does not constitute a valid canonical target for drug discovery databases. Precise target identification requires breaking down this category into its specific constituent host and viral proteins to understand the individual mechanisms of action and safety profiles. Such multi-targeting is common in complex infectious diseases where single-target inhibition is insufficient to prevent viral escape. Consequently, this term is considered incorrect in the context of specific molecular target annotation as it provides too much non-specific information.

Other names

Host-viral interactomeMulti-target antiviral therapyBroad-spectrum antiviral targets

Simultaneous modulation of viral proteins (e.g., polymerases, proteases) and host cell factors (e.g., entry receptors, signaling pathways) to inhibit the viral life cycle and boost host defense.