Multiple immune and stromal cell types

Multiple immune and stromal cell types refers to the diverse collection of cellular components that constitute the tissue or tumor microenvironment (TME) (Nature Reviews Cancer, 2021). Immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are responsible for mediating inflammatory and defensive responses, while stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes, provide structural support and regulate tissue homeostasis (PubMed, 2023). In pathological states like cancer or chronic fibrosis, the interaction between these cell types creates a complex milieu that can promote disease progression, immunosuppression, and drug resistance (Cell, 2020). Therapeutic strategies often aim to reprogram this environment by targeting specific receptors on immune cells or inhibiting stromal-derived factors (Science, 2022). For example, immune checkpoint inhibitors target T cells, while anti-angiogenic agents target the vascular stroma (Nature, 2020). Consequently, this term represents a multi-cellular system rather than a single molecular target, reflecting the shift toward holistic microenvironmental modulation in modern pharmacology (Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2019). Understanding the spatial and functional heterogeneity of these cells is crucial for developing effective combination therapies (Cell Reports, 2022).

Other names

Tumor microenvironmentImmune-stromal compartmentTissue microenvironmentCellular milieu

Modulation of the cellular microenvironment through various molecular pathways including checkpoint inhibition, anti-angiogenesis, and fibroblast activation inhibition.