Multiple immune-related antigens and receptors

The term "Multiple immune-related antigens and receptors" refers to a broad and heterogeneous group of proteins that play fundamental roles in the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens and malignant cells (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2020). This category includes diverse molecular classes such as immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-1, CTLA-4), cytokine receptors, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (NIH, 2023). These proteins are central to the development of immunotherapies, where they are targeted to either enhance the immune response against tumors or suppress it in the context of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (PubMed, 2021). Because this term describes a collection of molecules rather than a single specific target, it lacks a unique biochemical profile or a single mechanism of action. Therapeutic strategies involving these antigens and receptors are highly varied, ranging from antagonistic antibodies to engineered cell therapies. Consequently, safety profiles and clinical outcomes depend entirely on the specific member of this group being targeted.

Not applicable as this is a collective term for various immune-related proteins.