Multiple metabolic and antioxidant pathways

The term refers collectively to the various chemical processes and enzymatic pathways within cells that are responsible for metabolism (catabolic and anabolic reactions) and antioxidant defense. Metabolic pathways include glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, all crucial for ATP production and biosynthesis[4][5]. Antioxidant pathways include both enzymatic systems (such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic systems (such as glutathione, uric acid, and polyphenols), which protect the cell by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing oxidative damage[3][1][6]. These pathways are tightly regulated and interconnected; dysfunction or dysregulation is implicated in several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes[2][3][6].

Other names

Metabolic pathwaysAntioxidant pathwaysEnergy metabolismEnzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems

Enzyme inhibition or activation; Modulation of redox balance; Scavenging of free radicals; Regulation of metabolic flux