Multiple metalloenzymes and transcription factors

The term "Multiple metalloenzymes and transcription factors" encompasses two major, heterogeneous classes of metal-dependent proteins: (1) **Metalloenzymes**, which require one or more metal ions (such as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, or Mn) for their structural integrity or catalytic activity, and participate in biochemical processes ranging from nucleic acid modification to extracellular matrix degradation; and (2) **metal-ion-dependent transcription factors**, which use metals as cofactors to regulate gene expression, particularly in response to environmental cues like oxidative or metal stress. These protein families are implicated in a wide range of fundamental biological processes (catalysis, gene regulation, redox balance, cell cycle control) and diseases (notably cancer, inflammation, infection, and age-related disorders)[1][2][4][5]. However, this designation is not a single molecular entity and thus cannot serve as a canonical drug target. Note: For pharmacological or biomedical purposes, it is necessary to specify which metalloenzyme (e.g., Matrix metalloproteinase-9), or which transcription factor (e.g., Metal-responsive transcription factor 1), as individual members have distinct roles, ligand specificities, and disease associations[1][2][4][5].

Other names

MetalloenzymeMetalloproteinMetal-dependent transcription factorMetalloenzyme familyMetal-binding transcription factor

Competitive or allosteric inhibition of metalloenzyme catalytic sites. Zinc or other metal ion chelation. Allosteric modulation of transcription factor–DNA interactions.