Multiple targets in tumor microenvironment and immune system

The designation "Multiple targets in tumor microenvironment and immune system" refers to a comprehensive therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as well as non-cellular components like the extracellular matrix and signaling molecules (Binnewies et al., 2018, Nature Medicine). Rather than focusing on a single molecule, this strategy involves the simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple pathways—such as immune checkpoints (PD-1/CTLA-4), angiogenic factors (VEGF), and immunosuppressive enzymes (IDO1)—to overcome the tumor's ability to evade the immune system (Bejarano et al., 2021, Cancer Discovery). By reprogramming the TME from a pro-tumorigenic to an anti-tumorigenic state, these interventions aim to enhance the recruitment and activity of effector T cells while depleting suppressive cell populations (Anderson et al., 2017, Cancer Cell). Because this term aggregates hundreds of potential specific targets, it is classified as a broad category rather than a single canonical target. This lack of molecular specificity makes it an "incorrect" entry for databases requiring precise target identification.

Other names

Tumor microenvironment targetsImmune system targetsTME and immune system modulationTumor niche targets

Simultaneous modulation of multiple cellular and molecular components within the tumor niche to restore anti-tumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth.