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Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form (PYGM)
- Target
- PYGM
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Phosphorylase, Glycosyltransferase
01
Overview
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form (PYGM), is a key enzyme in glycogenolysis, catalyzing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate in skeletal muscle. This process provides a rapid energy source during muscle contraction. PYGM activity is regulated by allosteric modulators (AMP, ATP, G1P) and covalent modification (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation). Deficiencies in PYGM cause McArdle disease, characterized by exercise intolerance. PYGM also has roles in the brain and is implicated in O-glycosylation and neurodegenerative processes. Its activity is crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis in muscle cells.
- Other names
- MyophosphorylaseMuscle glycogen phosphorylaseMcArdle disease protein
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase activity to reduce glucose production from glycogen.
03
Biological functions
GlycogenolysisCarbohydrate metabolismEnergy productionRegulation of glycogen metabolismO-glycosylation
04
Disease associations
McArdle disease (Glycogen storage disease type V)Exercise intoleranceNeurodegenerative diseases (potential link through altered O-glycosylation)Insulin resistance (potential role)
05
Safety considerations
Potential for drug-induced muscle cramps or fatigueRisk of hypoglycemia if glycogenolysis is excessively inhibited
06
Biomarkers
PYGM levels in muscle tissue for McArdle disease diagnosisGlucose levels during exercise for McArdle disease monitoring
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