Mycoplasma synoviae antigens (MS antigens)

Mycoplasma synoviae antigens are a collection of surface-exposed proteins and lipoproteins that mediate the interaction between the pathogen and its avian host. The most prominent antigen is the Variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (VlhA), which is post-translationally processed into two distinct fragments: the N-terminal MSPB (a lipoprotein) and the C-terminal MSPA (a hemagglutinin) [UniProt: P0C1U8]. These antigens are critical for the bacterium's adherence to the respiratory epithelium and synovial membranes, which leads to clinical manifestations such as infectious synovitis and airsacculitis [Merck Veterinary Manual]. Because of their surface accessibility and role in pathogenesis, these antigens are the primary targets for the development of live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MS-H) and inactivated bacterins [PubMed: 9733441]. They also serve as the basis for diagnostic serological tests, including ELISA and serum plate agglutination, which are used to monitor flock exposure and vaccine efficacy [PubMed: 11526185]. However, the vlhA gene family undergoes frequent site-specific recombination, resulting in high levels of antigenic variation that can complicate diagnostic interpretation and potentially lead to vaccine escape [PubMed: 10831665].

Other names

Variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin AVlhAMSPBMSPAMycoplasma synoviae surface proteins

Induction of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses against surface-exposed proteins [PubMed: 9733441].