Myelin Synthesis Pathway (via Vitamin B12)

The myelin synthesis pathway via vitamin B12 refers to the set of biochemical processes in which vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for the formation and maintenance of myelin, a fatty sheath that insulates nerve fibers and enables rapid transmission of electrical impulses in the nervous system. Disruption in this pathway, often due to vitamin B12 deficiency, leads to demyelination and neurological dysfunction. Key enzymes involved are methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, cognitive impairment. Associated with diseases like pernicious anemia due to impaired absorption.

Supports methionine/SAM cycle and odd-chain fatty acid metabolism; prevents toxic metabolite buildup. Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.