Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) (MDSC)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid-lineage immune cells with potent immunosuppressive functions, expanding during pathological states such as cancer, chronic infection, trauma, and sepsis[1][3][7][9]. The population is subdivided into polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC or G-MDSC; granulocytic-like) and monocytic (M-MDSC) subtypes, distinguished by cell surface markers and functional properties[4][5][7]. MDSCs suppress anti-tumor and anti-pathogen immune responses by inhibiting T cell proliferation, producing immunosuppressive molecules (arginase 1, iNOS, ROS), modulating other immune cells, and inducing regulatory T cells[1][3][6]. These cells contribute to disease progression, particularly by promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to immunotherapy, making them an active therapeutic target in cancer research[2][6][7][8]. However, therapies face challenges due to the lack of unique markers differentiating MDSCs from normal myeloid cells, their functional heterogeneity, and overlap with physiological immune functions.

Other names

Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC)Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (G-MDSC)Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC)Immature myeloid cellSuppressor myeloid cell

Inhibition of immunosuppressive enzymes (e.g., arginase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase) Depletion of MDSCs Inhibition of MDSC expansion, recruitment, or survival Promotion of MDSC differentiation into mature non-suppressive myeloid cells Blocking cytokines and signals driving MDSC activation (e.g., GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF inhibitors)