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Myosin light chain 4 (MYL4)
- Target
- MYL4
- Molecular classification
- Motor protein (myosin family), Structural protein (muscle contractile apparatus), EF-hand domain-containing protein
01
Overview
Myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) is a structural and regulatory component of the myosin complex in striated muscle, notably expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle and adult atrial myocardium[1][2][3]. It encodes the myosin alkali light chain (regulatory light chain), critical for normal atrial electrical conduction and contractile function[1][3]. MYL4 binds actin via its N-terminal domain, modulating contractile force and kinetics in muscle fibers[1][2]. Pathogenic variants in MYL4 have been linked to familial and early-onset atrial fibrillation and atrial myopathy, likely through impairment of sarcomeric structure and atrial electrical properties[1][3]. Despite its importance in heart physiology and disease, MYL4 is not currently a direct drug target, but its protein levels and expression patterns may be useful as biomarkers in cardiac disease[1].
- Other names
- Myosin light chain 4MYL4MLC1ALC1AMLCGT1PRO1957Myosin light chain 1 embryonic muscle/atrial isoformMyosin light chain alkali GT-1 isoformatrial myosin light chain 1myosin, atrial/fetal muscle, light chainmyosin, light chain 4 alkali; atrial, embryonicmyosin, light polypeptide 4 alkali; atrial, embryonic
02
Biological functions
Regulation of muscle contractionMaintenance of atrial contractility and electrical propertiesDevelopment of embryonic muscle and adult atriaRegulation of myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosisInteraction with actin and modulation of actin-activated MgATPase activity
03
Disease associations
Atrial fibrillation (familial and early-onset forms)Atrial myopathyHypertrophic and adaptive cardiac contractility (animal model evidence)Potential role in developmental myopathies (based on expression in embryonic muscle)Cardiovascular disease
04
Safety considerations
Mutations can lead to atrial contractile dysfunction and associated arrhythmiasLoss-of-function may cause atrial enlargement and myopathy in humans and animal models
05
Biomarkers
Serum MYL4 levels (proposed as a predictive biomarker for atrial fibrillation diagnosis and risk stratification)Combined use with specific microRNA profiles is under investigation
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