Myostatin, Activin A, Activin B, GDF11, BMP10

This entry refers to a list of closely related signaling proteins: Myostatin, Activin A, Activin B, GDF11, and BMP10. All are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, participating in related but distinct biological processes. As ligands, they primarily signal through similar receptor complexes, often involving ActRIIB, and are regulated by extracellular antagonists like follistatin. While each is a therapeutic target individually, the combined input is not a single canonical target.

Other names

MSTNGDF-8GDF8MyoD-factorBMP-11GDF-11

These proteins are ligands that bind to specific type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors (primarily activin type II receptors like ActRIIB, and BMP receptors), initiating intracellular SMAD signaling pathways (e.g., SMAD2/3, SMAD1/5/9). Their activity is often modulated by extracellular antagonists such as follistatin and WFIKKN proteins.