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NQO1 is a cytosolic, FAD-dependent flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones, using NADH or NADPH as electron donors. This action prevents the formation of semiquinone radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NQO1 plays a crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense, detoxification, and regulation of p53 stability. It is overexpressed in many cancers, making it a therapeutic target for cancer-specific therapies, including the bioactivation of chemotherapeutic prodrugs.
Inhibition of NQO1 activity via dicoumarol; induction of NQO1 expression via dioxins and other compounds; bioactivation of prodrugs in cancer cells.
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