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Keratin Structure (Nail Plate)

Molecular classification: Structural Protein, Keratin, Hard α-keratin

Overview

The nail plate is a multi-layered structure composed primarily of hard α-keratins, providing mechanical protection and support to the distal phalanges. It consists of dorsal, intermediate, and ventral layers of fully differentiated corneocytes with distinct keratin fiber orientations. The high cystine content and disulfide cross-links give nails their toughness and rigidity. While not a direct therapeutic target, its structure and composition are relevant to drug delivery and understanding nail disorders.

Other names: Nail Plate KeratinHard Keratin (Nail)Nail KeratinUngual Keratin

Mechanism of action

N/A

Biological functions

Mechanical ProtectionSupport of Distal PhalangesBarrier against PathogensFacilitation of Fine Motor Function

Disease associations

Onychomycosis (Fungal Nail Infections)Psoriasis (Nail Involvement)Lichen Planus (Nail Involvement)Nail DystrophyOnycholysisOnychoschizia (Nail Splitting)

Safety considerations

Nail fragilityNail discolorationNail deformationSusceptibility to fungal infections

Interacting drugs

Topical Antifungals (e.g., Terbinafine, Amorolfine)

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