Natural Killer T Cell (NKT)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of immune cells that share features of both conventional T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. They are characterized by their ability to recognize lipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule, rather than peptide antigens presented by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. NKT cells play a critical role in modulating immune responses against infections, tumors, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Upon activation via their semi-invariant TCRs engaging glycolipid-CD1d complexes, NKT cells rapidly secrete large amounts of cytokines including interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and others associated with Th1/Th2 responses. They can directly kill target infected or malignant cells through cytotoxic mechanisms or indirectly modulate other immune cell functions via cytokine release. Their rapid response allows them to influence early phases of immune reactions against pathogens or tumors.

Other names

NKT cellNatural killer T-cell

Synthetic glycolipid agonists like alpha-galactosylceramide can be used to activate NKT cells, promoting cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity against target cells.