Negatively charged viral envelopes and capsids

Negatively charged viral envelopes and capsids are fundamental structural components that facilitate the survival and infectivity of various viruses. The anionic nature of these surfaces often stems from the presence of phosphatidylserine in the lipid envelope or acidic residues within the capsid protein assembly (Soares et al., 2008, Nature Medicine). These components are essential for protecting the viral genome and mediating host cell attachment and entry (Zasloff, 2002, Nature). Therapeutic strategies targeting these surfaces typically employ cationic molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides or synthetic dendrimers like astodrimer sodium, which bind via electrostatic attraction (McCarthy et al., 2005, Molecular Pharmaceutics). This binding can lead to the physical disruption of the viral envelope or the competitive inhibition of viral attachment to host receptors. Because this target is based on conserved physical properties, it provides a pathway for broad-spectrum antiviral development against pathogens like HIV, HSV, and Influenza (Telwatte et al., 2011, Antiviral Research). However, a primary challenge remains the potential for off-target effects on host cell membranes, necessitating high selectivity in drug design.

Other names

Anionic viral surfacesViral envelopeViral capsidViral lipid bilayerAnionic viral envelope

Electrostatic binding to anionic viral surfaces leading to membrane disruption or inhibition of host cell attachment.