Neoantigen-major histocompatibility complex complex on antigen-presenting cell

The **neoantigen-major histocompatibility complex complex on antigen-presenting cell** refers to a molecular complex formed when a newly generated tumor-specific antigen (neoantigen)—a peptide derived from somatic mutations or abnormal post-translational modifications in tumor cells—is processed and presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) bound within the peptide-binding groove of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule (human leukocyte antigen, HLA, in humans)[3][6][1]. This complex is essential for the specific recognition of tumor or infected cells by T lymphocytes via their T cell receptors. On APCs, these complexes activate CD8+ T cells (for MHC class I) or CD4+ T helper cells (for MHC class II), initiating adaptive immune responses against cancer or pathogens. The neoantigen-MHC complex represents a promising immuno-oncology target: it is implicated in tumor immune surveillance, mechanisms of cancer immune evasion, and is the focus of personalized vaccine and T cell therapies[3][6][4]. Challenges include the variability of neoantigen presentation, tumor escape by MHC downregulation, and the need for precise identification of immunogenic neoantigens.

Other names

Neoantigen-MHC complexNeoantigen–HLA complex (in humans)Peptide–MHC complex (pMHC)Neoantigen–major histocompatibility complex on APC

- Recognition and destruction of tumor cells by T cells via T cell receptor engagement with neoantigen-MHC complexes[3][6] - Checkpoint blockade to enhance T cell activation mediated through engagement with neoantigen-MHC complexes[6] - Vaccination to induce T cell responses by presenting neoantigen-MHC complexes[6]