Neoantigen presented by MHC molecule

A neoantigen presented by an MHC molecule refers to a peptide sequence that arises from tumor-specific mutations and is displayed on the cell surface bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. These neoantigens are recognized as "non-self" by the immune system, enabling T cells to specifically target and destroy cancer cells presenting these peptides. The immunogenicity of a neoantigen depends largely on its binding affinity for specific HLA/MHC alleles; higher affinity often correlates with stronger immune responses. Not all protein fragments can be presented; only those fitting well into the binding groove of available host HLA/MHC molecules will be displayed at sufficient levels for recognition. Variations in individual HLA genotypes influence which neoantigens can be effectively presented and thus impact patient-specific therapeutic strategies. Neoantigen identification and prioritization have become key steps in developing individualized cancer treatments.

T-cell receptor (TCR) binding and activation