Neoantigen-specific T cell receptor

A neoantigen-specific T cell receptor is a T cell receptor (TCR) that has specificity for a peptide (neoantigen) generated by tumor-specific somatic mutations presented on the cell surface by MHC molecules. These TCRs enable T cells to discriminate cancer cells from normal tissue by recognizing unique mutated peptides not present in healthy cells, making them a powerful and highly specific target for cancer immunotherapies. Neoantigen-specific TCRs display high structural avidity, meaning strong binding to their cognate peptide–MHC complexes, and are generally enriched in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Engineered adoptive T cell therapies use these receptors to redirect patient T cells against their cancer. However, therapeutic development faces challenges related to cross-reactivity, variability in neoantigen immunogenicity, and risks of off-target or alloreactive responses[1][2][3].

Other names

neoantigen-specific TCRneoTCRneoepitope-specific T cell receptortumor neoantigen-specific T cell receptor

Recognition of neoantigenic peptide–MHC complexes on tumor cells, activating T cells to mediate cytotoxic immune responses[1][2][3]. Targeted cytolysis of tumor cells by activated T cells, often via engineered TCRs or TCR-like molecules. Immune synapse formation and T cell activation upon target engagement[2][3].