Neuroimmune and exosome-responsive pathways

Neuroimmune and exosome-responsive pathways represent a complex network of interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system, primarily mediated by extracellular vesicles known as exosomes (PubMed: 30214430). These pathways are not characterized by a single molecular target but involve the collective action of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—such as microRNAs—transported within exosomes to modulate neuroinflammatory responses and promote tissue repair (PubMed: 31607530). In the context of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Multiple Sclerosis, these pathways play a critical role in regulating microglia activation and neuronal survival (PubMed: 33072175). Therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways often utilize stem cell-derived exosomes to deliver anti-inflammatory signals across the blood-brain barrier, offering a multifaceted approach to neuroprotection (PubMed: 32831118). Because of the heterogeneous nature of these pathways, they are frequently used as a descriptive category for complex biologics where the exact mechanism of action involves multiple signaling cascades rather than a single receptor-ligand interaction.

Other names

Neuroimmune signaling axisExosome-mediated neuroimmunomodulationExtracellular vesicle-responsive pathwaysNeuroinflammatory signaling networks

Modulation of the neuroinflammatory environment through the paracrine delivery of bioactive cargo, including microRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which alter the activation state of microglia and astrocytes (PubMed: 30214430).