Neuron of the cerebral cortex

Neurons of the cerebral cortex are highly specialized nerve cells responsible for the major processing tasks of the brain, including perception, voluntary movement, and complex cognition. These cells are organized into six horizontal layers and are classified into two principal groups: glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons (approx. 80%) and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (approx. 20%), with further subdivisions based on morphology, electrophysiology, and gene expression. Cortical neurons are functionally and molecularly heterogeneous and form extensive networks that allow for intricate signal processing and integration. Their collective activity enables all higher brain functions—attention, memory, language, reasoning, and emotion.

Other names

Cortical neuroncortical cellcerebral cortical neuron