Neuronal and glial networks

Neuronal and glial networks constitute the fundamental functional units of the central nervous system, comprising neurons that transmit electrical signals and glial cells—including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes—that provide essential structural, metabolic, and signaling support (Verkhratsky & Nedergaard, 2018). These networks operate through complex interactions, such as the tripartite synapse, where astrocytes actively modulate synaptic activity by sensing and releasing neurotransmitters (Perea et al., 2009). In many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and stroke, the coordinated activity of these networks is disrupted, often involving neuroinflammation and glial scarring (Burda & Sofroniew, 2014). While neuronal and glial networks is not a single molecular target, therapeutic strategies often aim to modulate these systems by targeting specific receptors (e.g., NMDA receptors), transporters (e.g., EAATs), or signaling pathways within the network to restore homeostatic balance (Nedergaard & Bewernick, 2020). Consequently, drug development in this area focuses on multi-target approaches or system-level modulation to address the multifaceted nature of brain pathology (Stahl, 2013).

Other names

Neuro-glial interactionsTripartite synapseBrain circuitryNeuro-glial unitNeuronal-glial syncytium

Modulation of synaptic transmission, glial-mediated neuroprotection, or neurotransmitter reuptake within the neuro-glial unit to restore network stability.