Neuronal cell signaling

Neuronal cell signaling" refers to the complex collection of biochemical pathways and molecular interactions that enable neurons to communicate with each other and with other cell types in the nervous system. This process involves a vast array of molecular entities, including but not limited to neurotransmitter receptors (such as glutamate and GABA receptors), ion channels, neurotrophin receptors (e.g., TrkA for NGF), various protein kinases (such as MAPKs, PKC, Akt), and intracellular second messengers (such as calcium, cAMP, IP3, DAG). Neuronal cell signaling underlies functions like synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, cell survival, and apoptosis, and dysregulation of these signaling pathways is implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and brain cancer[1][3][7].