Neurotransmitter biosynthesis

Neurotransmitter biosynthesis is the collective term for all molecular pathways by which nerve cells enzymatically convert precursor substrates into functional neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA[1][2][3]. This process typically involves enzymes that catalyze sequential steps: for example, tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase synthesize dopamine from tyrosine, while glutamic acid decarboxylase converts glutamate to GABA. Precise neurotransmitter biosynthesis is essential for balanced neuronal communication in the central and peripheral nervous systems; disruptions can cause disorders ranging from Parkinson’s disease to depression[1][2][4][5]. However, "Neurotransmitter biosynthesis" as a term does not denote a specific druggable molecule or receptor; rather, individual enzymes in these pathways are drug targets.

Other names

Neurotransmitter synthesisNT biosynthesis