Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN)

The Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) is a multifunctional type II surface glycoprotein essential for the life cycle of the Avian orthoavulavirus 1, commonly known as Newcastle disease virus (UniProt: P04842). It mediates viral attachment by binding to sialic acid-containing receptors on host cells and promotes membrane fusion in conjunction with the fusion (F) protein (PubMed: 11160735). Additionally, its neuraminidase activity cleaves sialic acid from progeny virions to prevent self-aggregation and facilitate viral release (PubMed: 15140986). In a therapeutic context, HN is a primary target for poultry vaccines and is being explored for its oncolytic properties in human oncology. The protein can selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and stimulate a robust anti-tumor immune response, making it a significant focus for developing novel virotherapies (PubMed: 28652631).

Other names

HN proteinHemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteinNDV-HNAvian orthoavulavirus 1 HN

Inhibition of neuraminidase activity to prevent viral release, blocking of sialic acid binding sites to prevent viral attachment, and induction of host immune responses through vaccine-mediated antibody production.