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NHS-like protein 1 (NHSL1) is a large cytoplasmic protein and member of the Nance–Horan Syndrome (NHS) protein family, which includes NHS and NHSL2. NHSL1 contains a WAVE homology domain (WHD), allowing it to physically interact with the Scar/WAVE complex—a major regulator of branched actin polymerization via the Arp2/3 complex. Functionally, NHSL1 acts as a negative regulator of cell migration by inhibiting the Scar/WAVE complex, thereby dampening Arp2/3 activity, reducing F-actin density in lamellipodia, and destabilizing lamellipodial protrusions. These actions modulate the dynamics and efficiency of cell migration, processes that are key to development and potentially disease progression, such as cancer. NHSL1 is ubiquitously expressed with tissue-specific isoforms, but it is not itself known to be a direct disease-causing protein or a drug target. NHSL1 is not considered a receptor, enzyme, transporter, or ion channel, but instead a cytoskeletal regulatory scaffold protein[1][3][4].
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