Nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3)

Nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3) is an enzyme in the nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase family that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by converting nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) into NAD+, using ATP as a co-substrate. NMNAT3 is primarily associated with mitochondria and plays a key role in mitochondrial NAD+ metabolism, cellular energy regulation, and defense against oxidative stress. Its biological relevance includes supporting mitochondrial function and cellular survival during stress conditions, with emerging roles as a potential neuroprotective factor and molecular chaperone. NMNAT3 dysfunction or altered expression may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders like pellagra, inherited retinal disease (Leber congenital amaurosis 9), and age-related decline in mitochondrial function. Currently, there are no specific drugs targeting NMNAT3 in clinical use, but manipulation of NAD+ metabolism is an area of therapeutic interest.

Other names

Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3FKSG76NMN/NaMN adenylyltransferase 3NMN adenylyltransferase 3NaMN adenylyltransferase 3PNAT-3PNAT3Nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3Pyridine nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3pyridine nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3

Not applicable (due to lack of well-characterized direct drugs; however, mechanistically, NMNAT3 catalyzes the formation of NAD+ from NMN and ATP)