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Nitrogen balance
- Molecular classification
- Other (Physiological measurement)
01
Overview
Nitrogen balance is a clinical term that measures the net difference between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss, primarily used to assess protein metabolism and dietary adequacy in humans. Positive nitrogen balance indicates protein anabolism—seen in growth, pregnancy, and tissue healing—while negative nitrogen balance indicates catabolism and potential malnutrition. Its determination requires precise accounting of dietary intake and excretion, and it is commonly used in research and clinical practice to estimate protein requirements and monitor nutritional status, especially in hospitalized or critically ill patients.
- Other names
- Nitrogen equilibriumN balanceNB
02
Biological functions
Protein metabolism indexReflects anabolic and catabolic statesIndicator in dietary or nutrition studiesClinical evaluation for malnutrition, recovery, and critical illness
03
Disease associations
Malnutrition assessmentCritical illness and prognosis in ICUWasting diseasesBurns and serious tissue injuryGrowth and tissue repair (positive balance)
04
Safety considerations
Nitrogen balance is a measurement, not a direct therapeutic target; monitoring errors or inaccuracies can affect nutritional decisions, particularly in critically ill patients
05
Biomarkers
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)Urine urea nitrogen
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