NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 10 (NLRP10)

NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 10 (NLRP10) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR) belonging to the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. Unlike most NLRs, NLRP10 lacks the typical leucine-rich repeat (LRR) ligand-recognition domain, resulting in distinct regulatory functions. It contains an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD) and a central nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), and exhibits both ATPase and GTPase activities[1]. In human cells, NLRP10 acts predominantly as a negative regulator of the inflammasome pathway by binding to the adaptor protein ASC (PYCARD) and preventing its aggregation, thereby inhibiting downstream caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing[1][2]. NLRP10 also inhibits apoptosis by suppressing caspase-8 recruitment and activation, and is essential for keratinocyte survival and epidermal differentiation[3][4]. Disruption of NLRP10 function has been associated with increased susceptibility to inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, making it a candidate susceptibility gene identified in recent GWAS studies[3]. Differences in NLRP10 function are present between humans and mice, with some regulatory effects observed only in humans[1]. Currently, no drugs are known to specifically target NLRP10, but its regulatory role in innate immunity and cell death pathways highlights its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker in immune and skin-related disorders[2][3][4].

Other names

NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 10NALP10NOD8PYNODPAN5CLR11.1nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 8

Inhibition of ASC-mediated inflammasome assembly (thus reducing caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation); Inhibition of cell death pathways by limiting caspase-8 recruitment and activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)