NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a central role in innate immunity and inflammation. It acts as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to caspase-1 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL‑1β and IL‑18, ultimately triggering inflammatory responses and pyroptosis. Aberrant or chronic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to numerous diseases, making it an important therapeutic target.

Other names

CIAS1cryopyrinPYPAF1cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromesCAPS

Targets various steps of the pathway, including direct inhibition of caspase-1, blocking upstream activators like ROS generation, or inhibiting potassium efflux channels to prevent NLRP3 activation.